Britain remained, between the mid-nineteenth century and the beginning of the First World War, the first economic power in the world, and colonial competition despite Germany and the United States have with the end of the nineteenth century, economically. Having taken the colonial empire is expanding, but it becomes impossible, with the end of the First World War, if we exclude India, Dominionat federation of semi-autonomous.
As a result of the dominance of liberals on the reins of policy in Britain on the last quarter of the nineteenth century, there was the belief that trade expansion is better than earning new colonies, from where it is sufficient to ensure the British superiority in the world,
On the other hand, in terms of the fact that the colonies raise competition with other powers and require the potential human, economic and military great.
This has led the implementation of the policy of free trade (the path of free trade) to assert the primacy of industry and commerce in economic policy advocates the colonization of new areas. Thus:
- Stopped expansions British in Afghanistan, especially with the arrival of Gladstone Gladstone to power in 1880;
- Recognized the independence of the Transvaal Transvaal British self;
- Leaving leader Gordon Pasha Charles George Gordon (1833-1885) fought alone in the Sudan (1885) did not give him any support to Defeat him that the Mahdi (Muhammad Ahmed bin Abdullah al-Mahdi, who established an Islamic state stretching from the Red Sea to Central Africa) where ;
However, various factors, has opened a new appetite for the British to occupy more land, including:
- Despite being the first and largest economic power and colonial in the world between the mid-nineteenth century and the beginning of the First World War, however, Britain began to fear the emergence of new economic powers in the world such as the United States, Germany, and from there they took the work in order to maintain its position.
- The arrival of new politicians to the top of the pyramid of political power, the British, from those who claim to activate the movement of colonization of new, such as Colonial Secretary Chamberlain Chamberlain, who was insisting on the importance of economic factors in the colonial policy, and Minister of Finance and Prime Minister Gladstone Gladstone, who was believed to be God and the gift to Britain to work on the provided charge the responsibility of the occupation of Egypt (1882), and Disraeli Disraeli (prime minister between 1874-1880 and most famous pioneers of the expansion of the imperialist British), who worked to keep the "Albraistej" British in front of other nations, as confirmed by his decision to declare the Queen Victoria Victoria Empress of India in 1877, as well as the purchase of shares in the Egyptian Suez Canal (1875). It also appeared in the meantime, poets and thinkers of the advocates of colonization, like Kipling Kipling, or Mbrrah who sought to adapt the theory of evolution with the group's expansion.
- Resulted in the loss of most of its colonies settlement New England Angleterre Nouvelle (the most important colonies of settlement in what is now the United States of America) to fears of the spread of infection liberalization in the rest of the colonies, so they worked on the drafting of a special system known Baldomignon, a dish in the beginning (1867) in Canada * then the rest of the settlement colonies (Australia 1900, new Zealand 1907, the Union of South Africa in 1909 and Canada Terre-Neuve);
- The creation of a security belt of pearl crown, India, at a time of intense competition for every Negotiable colonization Colonisable that became the whole world under the domination of the European early twentieth century, with the exception of Ethiopia and Japan, where it was the occupation of 88.9% from Africa, for example, in 1900, after they had been 10 0.5% occupied only a quarter of a century before that, and so has Britain b:
- Dominate the neighboring areas of India (what looks like a buffer zone of reserves Bermanaa 1885, Malaysia in 1895, North Borneo, as well as the British presence in the border region of Afghanistan);
- To capture a portion of Bermanaa, between 1826-1852, then grab the rest in 1885, in the hope of linking China's Yunnan Province.
التسميات
Colonies