Independent Arab state, and a member of the Arab League, located in the west of the continent of Asia.Bounded to the north of Turkey, and east of Iraq, and to the south of Jordan, and west to Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea.
An area of 185,180 square kilometers, with its capital Damascus, the official language is Arabic and its currency is the Syrian pound.
Located at latitudes 32 ° ° 37 north, one of the oldest countries of the world. Resided Arameans state in the ninth century BC.. And conquered the Persians year 329 BC., Greece 332 BC., And the State of the Seleucids between 305 and 64 BC.. And occupied Bombuos Roman Vdmha to his country until the Muslim Arabs came Vfathoha between 634 and 640 m.
Then became the center of the Umayyad dynasty. In 1516 occupied by the Ottomans and made it a mandate for them. In 1919, Syria signed under the French mandate that finally gained independence in 1945 and in 1958, formed with Egypt, the United Arab Republic in the era leader Gamal Abdel Nasser to separate after about 1961.
Surface the Syrian Arab Republic is a coastal plains west, and internal, and plateaus roomy interior descend toward Iraq, and predominately desert, and permeate these depressions desert mountainous areas including: Mountains Abdul Aziz in the north 920 m Mount human in the middle 867 m and Jabal al-Arab in the south in 1800. In the West, several mountains know the Alawite mountains or Nusayris an extension of the mountain range of West Lebanon, and in the south-west lies the peaks of Mount Hermon or Sheikh and the highest peaks with an altitude of 2814 meters. The country's several volcanic Hrar, abound in the private area Horan.
And Syria is a mountainous country and desert, crossed a big river is the Euphrates River, which flows from the mountains of Turkey and being in the direction of the plains of Iraq. Enjoys broad waterfront on the Mediterranean, surrounded Lebanon from almost all quarters. The most important rivers are also the Orontes River, which flows from Lebanon.
Syria continental climate and dry on the inside, mild on the coast and the western mountains, very hot summer day and up to 42 degrees Celsius and very cold in winter and at night. Syria is one of the richest Arab countries in agriculture, which continues to improve since 1990 the country has received a sufficient amount of rainfall in the years 1991, 1992 and 1993 came an excellent crop. The most important agricultural regions island area in the north-east, and the Hauran region in the south-west and the plains of Aleppo, Hama and Homs.
Cotton agriculture is almost only for export. Cultivation most genetically modified plants cotton, rice and sugar beet and wheat and the various cereals, and fruits and vegetables (tomatoes, olives, grapes, onions), olive oil, tobacco and roses.
The mining production to extract new oil of the type of light in the newly discovered fields in Deir al-Zour, Syria, Bosra and Palmyra. The other Aljeonaftyh provinces in Syria, which is an exploration target for the work of current and future Alentguib are: Mount county Abdul Aziz, low Homs, the Syrian Desert, low Damascus, low Afrin, we find Aleppo, Latakia province, which includes the Great Northern and low Akkar.
Located producing fields of the Syrian Petroleum Company in the northeastern section of these fields are placed in three main groups:
* Group A: Hasaka and fields located to the east of the city of Qamishli.
* Group B: robe fields and is located in the south and the southern city of Hasakah.
* Group C: is located in the middle of Syria in the visible region Rusafa These fields produce heavy Syrian oil blend.
The other mineral resources are: oil reserves, natural gas (Homs, Palmyra), phosphate, salt, gypsum, Lynette, marble, asphalt and cement.
Syria has a prestigious industrial revival, and Syrian industry revolves around oil refinery in Homs and Banias refineries, and about the textile industry and agri-food industries, as we find industry Alheidrokahraba 1.6 billion kilowatt hours, the skin, copper, mining, and carpets.
التسميات
Syria